Hantengri/Khan-Tengri

Hantengri/Khan-Tengri is the highest peak of Kazakhstan in Central Tien Shan, located 200 km east of Lake Issyk-Kul. The absolute height of Khan Tengri Peak is 6,995 m. According to Aldar Petrovich Gorbunov, Doctor of Geography, the correct meaning of this toponym is the Heavenly or Divine Sovereign, but not the Lord of Heaven. The sky is regarded as a supreme deity in the pagan worldview; it is beyond anyone's control.

The Kyrgyz call this peak differently - Kantoo. The Kyrgyz word kan has a double meaning, which is determined by the context. Kan is also "khan", it is "blood". Often, toponymic interpreters prefer the second concept. The first and last rays of the sun color the mountain in reddish color, which sharply distinguishes the top on the background of darkened or not yet lit surrounding mountains. Others believe that the mountain is made of pinkish marble. Both of these treatments are not tolerated by toponymists from Kyrgyzstan. They believe that translation into Russian means Khan-, or Tsar-Mountain. Indeed, Khan Tengri stands out for its majesty against the background of the neighboring mountain peaks. Khan-Tengri is located on the border of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and is called differently by the peoples of these countries. How can it be called on world maps? According to the logic of Kazakh toponymists - Khan-Tengri. This is a traditional and very ancient term. In addition to the Turkic languages, it is also present in other languages - Mongolian and even Sumerian. The renaming of ancient toponyms leads to the loss of some essence of history.

One of the earliest references to Khan-Tengri is given in the work of Sh.Sh. Ualikhanova. He wrote that Khan-Tengri-Ola is located north of Kuchi. Actually, in 240 km from Kuchi, but to the northwest, there is a pyramid of this top. Khan Tengri could have been mentioned for the first time in Chinese chronicles 1,200 years ago, in any case this toponym was known for many centuries. Wikipedia provides information that one of the major toponymic errors in the first scientific description is related to the mountain. It dates back to the middle of the XIX century, when this peak was seen and described in 1856-1857 by the famous geographer and traveler P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. Blinded by the majestic view of the peaks and glaciers that opened in front of him from the eastern pass of the Terskey Ala-Too ridge, he defines the highest and most beautiful of them pyramid as the legendary peak of Khan Tengri - the highest point of the whole Tien Shan. He did not see (just could not see) behind it a huge snow-glacial massif of the border ridge Kakshaal-Too, dominating over the whole Tien Shan. Not paying attention to the arguments of the guides that this top is known by local Kyrgyz as Kan-Too and Kazakhs as Kantau (translated as "Bloody Mountain"), P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky called the pointed pyramid Khan-Tengri peak and located it in the center of the node of the Tian-Shan ridges, moving the top on the map 20 km to the north. Apparently, it is not quite so. From the north direction the most majestic peak looks like the one after which the corresponding name Khan-Tengri was approved.

An expert on the Zhetysu history and nature lover V.N. Proskurin enthusiastically writes: "The lord of spirits, the king of the Heavenly Ridge, inaccessible to a simple mortal summit - this is the opinion of this graceful marble trihedral pyramid, the highest in Kazakhstan. "It looks like a giant pointed tulip radiating firelight," said Valery Khryshchatyi, a legend of Kazakhstani mountaineering. - When the sun's rays intersect the clouds, their movement is projected onto the marble walls of the summit, as if the blood of the Bogatyr is spilled on the screen. Such a color effect made a primitive man fall down before the mountain. The mountain remained inaccessible and elusive for a long time.

It inevitably attracted the attention of thousands of travelers: merchants, missionaries and pilgrims, passing in latitude or meridional direction along the Central Tien Shan. It appears and is lost again and again, being located in the vast highlands, harsh and isolated, which is called the kingdom of cold.

In the ХХ century, another story of the sacralization of this peak began. It remained inaccessible and in 1902 for the first expedition of G. Mertsbaher. The first ascent to the summit was made in 1931 by Mikhail Pogrebetsky and two other climbers. Let's give a description of a bright impression from one of the evenings near Khan-Tengri: "The evening was coming. Soft shadows from the mountains lay on the valley. The sun gilded the tops of the ridges. From the edge to the edge, along the entire horizon, a great Tien Shan wall stood in the glaciers and snows. All of it burned with golden orange and red tones of the sunset, and Khan-Tengri burned from above, like a giant faceted ruby, set in a dark turquoise sky. But the sun sank beyond the horizon, the sky became darker, the colors began to fade, the orange tones were replaced by pink, pink - purple, then ashes, and only Khan-Tengri burned blood-red fire of molten metal in the dark sky. The mountains gradually plunged into darkness and finally dissolved in the thickened twilight. Khan-Tengri slowly extinguished behind them.

In 1936, an expedition of Alma-Ata climbers (a group of E. Kolokolnikov) conquered the "lord of spirits". Then there were many conquests of this majestic peak on different routes, including A.N. Maryashev in 1962. Anatoly Bukreyev, who conquered the Himalayan eight-thousand-meter peaks (CIS record) 21 times, said that Khan-Tengri was probably the most beautiful peak in the world because of its correctly placed ribs and geometric pyramidal symmetry. The mountain is a favorite place where climbers from different countries, first of all from CIS countries, test their strength. Records of climbing the mountain vary in routes and conditions, belong to different athletes, various sources report about it, but the essence is that this harsh and perfect mountain has been attracting leading climbers from all over the world for more than a hundred years. Thus, for many centuries, at least from the stage of the Middle Ages, information about Khan-Tengri was collected, mythologized and sacralized. For the last century the sacredness of this object did not become "smaller", most climbers came here as atheists, and left as romantics. The natural influence of extreme conditions in the shadow of the unique and majestic beauty of this natural monument of Central Asia, which calls and inevitably changes people in the course of trials, making us think about "eternity".

This is one of the most beautiful places in Kazakhstan and the most famous all over the world, designed for elitist tourism. Every year it attracts hundreds of tourists from all over the world.

Ақпарат
Сипаттама
Карта
Фото
Мұра атауы Hantengri/Khan-Tengri
Орналасқан жері Almaty District,

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: pages/heritages_page.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/application/views/pages/heritages_page.php
Line: 101
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/application/views/index.php
Line: 107
Function: include

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/application/controllers/Main_page.php
Line: 265
Function: view

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null

Filename: pages/heritages_page.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/application/views/pages/heritages_page.php
Line: 101
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/application/views/index.php
Line: 107
Function: include

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/application/controllers/Main_page.php
Line: 265
Function: view

File: /var/www/archaeology.kz/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Мұраның авторлары
Мұра түрі Sacred objects
Мұра типі Natural Monument

Hantengri/Khan-Tengri is the highest peak of Kazakhstan in Central Tien Shan, located 200 km east of Lake Issyk-Kul. The absolute height of Khan Tengri Peak is 6,995 m. According to Aldar Petrovich Gorbunov, Doctor of Geography, the correct meaning of this toponym is the Heavenly or Divine Sovereign, but not the Lord of Heaven. The sky is regarded as a supreme deity in the pagan worldview; it is beyond anyone's control.

The Kyrgyz call this peak differently - Kantoo. The Kyrgyz word kan has a double meaning, which is determined by the context. Kan is also "khan", it is "blood". Often, toponymic interpreters prefer the second concept. The first and last rays of the sun color the mountain in reddish color, which sharply distinguishes the top on the background of darkened or not yet lit surrounding mountains. Others believe that the mountain is made of pinkish marble. Both of these treatments are not tolerated by toponymists from Kyrgyzstan. They believe that translation into Russian means Khan-, or Tsar-Mountain. Indeed, Khan Tengri stands out for its majesty against the background of the neighboring mountain peaks. Khan-Tengri is located on the border of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and is called differently by the peoples of these countries. How can it be called on world maps? According to the logic of Kazakh toponymists - Khan-Tengri. This is a traditional and very ancient term. In addition to the Turkic languages, it is also present in other languages - Mongolian and even Sumerian. The renaming of ancient toponyms leads to the loss of some essence of history.

One of the earliest references to Khan-Tengri is given in the work of Sh.Sh. Ualikhanova. He wrote that Khan-Tengri-Ola is located north of Kuchi. Actually, in 240 km from Kuchi, but to the northwest, there is a pyramid of this top. Khan Tengri could have been mentioned for the first time in Chinese chronicles 1,200 years ago, in any case this toponym was known for many centuries. Wikipedia provides information that one of the major toponymic errors in the first scientific description is related to the mountain. It dates back to the middle of the XIX century, when this peak was seen and described in 1856-1857 by the famous geographer and traveler P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. Blinded by the majestic view of the peaks and glaciers that opened in front of him from the eastern pass of the Terskey Ala-Too ridge, he defines the highest and most beautiful of them pyramid as the legendary peak of Khan Tengri - the highest point of the whole Tien Shan. He did not see (just could not see) behind it a huge snow-glacial massif of the border ridge Kakshaal-Too, dominating over the whole Tien Shan. Not paying attention to the arguments of the guides that this top is known by local Kyrgyz as Kan-Too and Kazakhs as Kantau (translated as "Bloody Mountain"), P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky called the pointed pyramid Khan-Tengri peak and located it in the center of the node of the Tian-Shan ridges, moving the top on the map 20 km to the north. Apparently, it is not quite so. From the north direction the most majestic peak looks like the one after which the corresponding name Khan-Tengri was approved.

An expert on the Zhetysu history and nature lover V.N. Proskurin enthusiastically writes: "The lord of spirits, the king of the Heavenly Ridge, inaccessible to a simple mortal summit - this is the opinion of this graceful marble trihedral pyramid, the highest in Kazakhstan. "It looks like a giant pointed tulip radiating firelight," said Valery Khryshchatyi, a legend of Kazakhstani mountaineering. - When the sun's rays intersect the clouds, their movement is projected onto the marble walls of the summit, as if the blood of the Bogatyr is spilled on the screen. Such a color effect made a primitive man fall down before the mountain. The mountain remained inaccessible and elusive for a long time.

It inevitably attracted the attention of thousands of travelers: merchants, missionaries and pilgrims, passing in latitude or meridional direction along the Central Tien Shan. It appears and is lost again and again, being located in the vast highlands, harsh and isolated, which is called the kingdom of cold.

In the ХХ century, another story of the sacralization of this peak began. It remained inaccessible and in 1902 for the first expedition of G. Mertsbaher. The first ascent to the summit was made in 1931 by Mikhail Pogrebetsky and two other climbers. Let's give a description of a bright impression from one of the evenings near Khan-Tengri: "The evening was coming. Soft shadows from the mountains lay on the valley. The sun gilded the tops of the ridges. From the edge to the edge, along the entire horizon, a great Tien Shan wall stood in the glaciers and snows. All of it burned with golden orange and red tones of the sunset, and Khan-Tengri burned from above, like a giant faceted ruby, set in a dark turquoise sky. But the sun sank beyond the horizon, the sky became darker, the colors began to fade, the orange tones were replaced by pink, pink - purple, then ashes, and only Khan-Tengri burned blood-red fire of molten metal in the dark sky. The mountains gradually plunged into darkness and finally dissolved in the thickened twilight. Khan-Tengri slowly extinguished behind them.

In 1936, an expedition of Alma-Ata climbers (a group of E. Kolokolnikov) conquered the "lord of spirits". Then there were many conquests of this majestic peak on different routes, including A.N. Maryashev in 1962. Anatoly Bukreyev, who conquered the Himalayan eight-thousand-meter peaks (CIS record) 21 times, said that Khan-Tengri was probably the most beautiful peak in the world because of its correctly placed ribs and geometric pyramidal symmetry. The mountain is a favorite place where climbers from different countries, first of all from CIS countries, test their strength. Records of climbing the mountain vary in routes and conditions, belong to different athletes, various sources report about it, but the essence is that this harsh and perfect mountain has been attracting leading climbers from all over the world for more than a hundred years. Thus, for many centuries, at least from the stage of the Middle Ages, information about Khan-Tengri was collected, mythologized and sacralized. For the last century the sacredness of this object did not become "smaller", most climbers came here as atheists, and left as romantics. The natural influence of extreme conditions in the shadow of the unique and majestic beauty of this natural monument of Central Asia, which calls and inevitably changes people in the course of trials, making us think about "eternity".

This is one of the most beautiful places in Kazakhstan and the most famous all over the world, designed for elitist tourism. Every year it attracts hundreds of tourists from all over the world.